晚清时期,世变频仍。一方面,西方列强以坚船利炮打开了闭关锁国已久的中华帝国的大门,并不断地逼迫当时腐败无能的清政府签订各种丧权辱国的条约,使中国一步步地沦为半殖民地半封建国家;另一方面,国内的各种矛盾逐渐尖锐、激化,在数十年间先后爆发了太平天国运动、捻军起义以及帝党后党之争、戊戌变法、义和团运动等。因此,在这样的时局中,一些传统的士大夫在固守古典学术的同时,又能拥抱因国门被打开而潮水般涌进来的西方文 Late Qing Dynasty, the world frequency is still. On the one hand, the Western powers with their cannons and cannons opened the door to China’s long history of impending the closure of the Chinese Empire and constantly pressed the corrupt and incompetent Qing government to sign various treaties on humiliating and humiliating the country, thus gradually reducing China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal state; On the other hand, various contradictions in China gradually became acute and intensified. Over the past decades, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Nian’s uprising, the dispute over the party after the party, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Boxer Rebellion broke out one after another. Therefore, in such a situation, some traditional scholar-officials, while sticking to classical learning, can embrace the Western language that has been flooded by the opening of their homeland