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本文通过实验观察了阳极斑点形成过程中电弧电压和孤柱电位分布的变化及纵向磁场在其中的影响,并测量了电子温度和密度值。实验中还观察了因弧柱收缩所产生的相应变化。实验中发现了两种不同的阳极斑点模式——辉点和块熔斑点。文中提出弧柱收缩的理论对阳极斑点现象及纵向磁场的作用进行解释,认为弧柱收缩是阳极斑点形成的中间过程。文中以此理论为基础建立了数学模型。该模型首次给出了在具有纵向磁场的真空电弧中阳极斑点形成过程的定量关系。实例计算结果与实验基本相符。
In this paper, we observed the changes of arc voltage and isolated potential distribution and the influence of longitudinal magnetic field during the formation of anode spots by experiments, and measured the electron temperature and density. The experiment also observed the corresponding changes due to arc contraction. Two different patterns of anode spots were found in the experiment - bright spots and spot spots. In this paper, the theory of arc shrinkage is proposed to explain the phenomenon of anode spot and the effect of longitudinal magnetic field. It is considered that arc column shrinkage is the intermediate process of anode spot formation. Based on this theory, the paper establishes a mathematical model. For the first time, the model gives the quantitative relationship of anode spot formation in a vacuum arc with a longitudinal magnetic field. The calculation results of the example are in good agreement with the experiment.