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如果将21世纪前半叶划分为两个阶段,并以这两个阶段的人口结构特点分析,那么,前20年中国的就业压力大,后30年中国的养老负担会日渐沉重。一般而言,国际上将60岁及以上人口超过总人口的10%,或者将65岁及以上人口超过总人口的7%的社会,叫做老龄化社会。2001年1%人口抽样调查表明,中国65岁及以上人口占总人口的比重,已达到了7.83%,中国已经进入老龄化社会。随着医疗条件的改善,我国人口的平均预期寿命会大大增加。这样,老年人退休后的平均余命也会随之延长。我国男性现在的平均预期寿命是70岁,女性是73岁。在2050年左右,男性的平均预期寿命会延长到75岁左右,女性会延长到80岁左右。这会大大增加未来的养老负担。根
If we divide the first half of the 21st century into two stages and analyze the demographic characteristics of these two stages, the employment pressure on China will be large in the first two decades and the burden on the aged in China will become heavier in the next 30 years. In general, the world society will have 60% or above of the population over 10% of the total population, or a society in which the population 65 years and over exceeds 7% of the total population. A 1% population sample survey in 2001 shows that the proportion of China’s population aged 65 and over in the total population has reached 7.83%. China has entered an aging society. As the medical conditions improve, the average life expectancy of our population will greatly increase. In this way, the average life expectancy of the elderly after retirement will also be extended. The average life expectancy of men in our country is now 70 and that of women is 73. By 2050, the average life expectancy of men will be extended to about 75 years and women will be extended to about 80 years of age. This will greatly increase the future pension burden. root