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瑞典是世界上最早制定新闻法规的国家。早在1766年,瑞典议会便通过了《报刊自由法案》,并使其成为该国宪法的重要内容。后来又制定了《新闻自由法》。1992年,议会又根据《新闻自由法》对新闻媒体的权利、义务和责任作出了明确的规范。这些新闻法规一方面取消了新闻检查制度,保障了各种新闻媒体发布新闻和言论的自由;另一方面也规定了新闻机构的社会责任,并建立了一种“责任发行人”制度,即各新闻媒体必须指定一名负责人,对本机构报道业务承担法律责任。假如某个新闻媒体因言论不当而触犯法律,引起诉讼,其“责任发行人”将作为被告对簿公堂。
Sweden is the first country in the world to make press laws and regulations. As early as 1766, the Swedish Parliament passed the Freedom of Press and Publication Act and made it an important element of the country’s constitution. Later, a “Press Freedom Act” was enacted. In 1992, according to the Press Freedom Law, parliament also made clear the norms of the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the news media. On the one hand, these press laws canceled the system of checking news, guaranteed the freedom of news and speech of various news media; on the other hand, they also stipulated the social responsibility of news agencies and established a system of “responsible issuers” The news media must appoint a person in charge to assume legal responsibility for the business coverage of this institution. If a news media broke the law due to improper speech, causing litigation, its “responsible issuer” will be the defendant in court.