一、病史和查体有不少先心病患者通过询问病史和查体即可确诊。询问病史时应注意:①发现心脏杂音、紫绀出现的确切时间,切不能笼统地记作“自幼发现心脏病”或“自幼即出现紫绀”、“自幼即有活动后心慌气短”等。例如室间隔缺损杂音多在生后6周左右出现,假若患者出生后即有杂音,则室间隔缺损的可能性就较小,这是因为出生时由于受胎儿血液循环的影响,右室和肺动脉压力仍较高,左向右分流 First, the history and physical examination There are many congenital heart disease patients by examination and physical examination can be confirmed. When asked about the history should pay attention to: ① found heart murmur, the exact time of cyanosis, must not be generally referred to as “childhood heart disease” or “cyanosis since childhood”, “since childhood that activities have palpitation shortness of breath” and so on . Such as ventricular septal defect murmur more than 6 weeks after birth appears, if the patient after birth that there is noise, then the possibility of ventricular septal defect smaller, because at birth due to fetal blood circulation, the right ventricle and pulmonary artery Pressure is still high, left to right shunt