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物权法定原则是物权法上的重要原则,其基本内容是种类法定和内容法定。对物权法定原则有诸多讨论,包括在立法论上的物权法定主义和物权自由主义,以及解释论上的是否对物权法定予以缓和。本文所关注的,是物权法定框架下,可以通过登记公示意思自治内容的地役权制度是否是对物权法定原则的背离,以及其功能和作用。通过对罗马法上的历史的梳理、对大陆法系相关趋势和限制的考察、对普通法上各种役权及类似制度的简要对比,本文认为,地役权确实具有意思自治的特性,但是远达不到物权自由的效果,其仍在物权法定的框架下,而且最终的结果很可能是类型和内容的法定。地役权可以孕育新的权利类型,可以在维持用益物权框架稳定的同时,符合社会发展的需要。
The legal principle of real right is an important principle in the law of real right, whose basic content is statutory and content statutory. There are many discussions on the legal principle of property rights, including the legal doctrine of legal rights and freedom of property in the theory of legislation, and whether the legal doctrine of property rights should be relaxed in the explanation theory. What concerns us here is whether the easement system, through which statutory autonomous content is registered, is a departure from the statutory principle of property rights and its function and function under the statutory framework of property rights. Through the review of the history of Roman law, the investigation of the relevant trends and restrictions in the civil law system, and a brief comparison of the various common law servitude and similar systems, this paper argues that the easement does have the characteristics of autonomy of autonomy. However, Far less than the effect of freedom of property, which is still under the legal framework of property rights, and the final result is likely to be the type and content of the statutory. Easements can breed new types of rights and can meet the needs of social development while maintaining a stable framework of usufruct.