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种间杂交是拓宽遗传种质资源,创制新物种、新材料的重要手段。利用芥菜型油菜和芥蓝种间杂交人工创制其种间杂种,并对其形态学、细胞学特点进行分析。结果表明:不同的杂交组合30 d后的子房残留数和获得幼胚数差异明显,杂交组合是影响种间杂交结子(幼胚)的重要因素;通过形态学鉴定出真杂种36份,均表现为较强的营养体杂种优势。真杂种减数分裂均为异常,在减数分裂后期具有不同程度的染色体丢失现象;无性系染色体数目部分为27条,部分为27~34条。真杂种花粉育性可染率在0~47.87%,自交结实率介于0~3.65%之间。
Interspecific hybridization is an important means to broaden genetic germplasm resources and create new species and materials. The interspecific hybrids were artificially created by interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea and kale, and their morphological and cytological characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the number of ovary and the number of immature embryos obtained after 30 days in different hybrid combinations. Hybridization was an important factor affecting the interspecific hybridization (immature embryo); 36 The performance of a strong nutrient body heterosis. All the true meiosis meiosis were abnormal, with different degrees of chromosomal loss in the late meiosis. The number of chromosomes in clones was 27 and some were 27 to 34. The fertility rate of true hybrid pollen fertility ranged from 0 to 47.87% and the selfed seed setting rate ranged from 0 to 3.65%.