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根据离婚的制度和特点,将中国社会分为“传统时期”(1949年以前)、“集体主义时期”(1949-1979年)和“改革开放时期”(1980年以后)。研究发现,中国离婚在三个不同的时期呈现出不同的特点。在传统时期,离婚的家庭主义特点非常明显;在集体主义时期,离婚表现出明显的集体主义倾向;而在改革开放时期,离婚的个人主义特征比较突出。由此我们认为,中国的离婚模式经历了从家庭主义到集体主义和个人主义的历史变迁。文章运用历史分析和问卷调查法,从离婚的自主性和离婚的目的两个方面,分析了不同历史时期的离婚模式以及模式变迁所依存的政治、经济、文化及法律等社会情境。
According to the system and characteristics of divorce, Chinese society is divided into “the traditional period” (before 1949), “collectivism” (1949-1979) and “the period of reform and opening up” (after 1980) . The study found that divorce in China showed different characteristics in three different periods. During the traditional period, the characteristics of divorce’s familism were obvious. During the collectivism, the divorce showed obvious collectivism tendency. In the period of reform and opening up, the individualism characteristic of divorce was prominent. From this we think that the divorce model in China has undergone a historical transition from home-style to collectivism and individualism. Using historical analysis and questionnaire survey, the article analyzes the divorce patterns in different historical periods and the political, economic, cultural and legal social contexts that depend on the changes of the patterns from two aspects: the autonomy of divorce and the purpose of divorce.