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目的探讨大学生归因风格、应对方式及功能失调性态度等认知特征与抑郁症状发生之间的关系,为在大学生中开展抑郁高危人群筛查和抑郁的预防干预提供依据。方法以安徽省合肥市某医科大学为研究现场,以该校临床医学专业一年级298名无抑郁症状的在校大学生为研究对象,分别于0.5 a和1 a后进行2次随访调查。结果参加第1次和第2次随访的学生分别为254人和278人,随访率分别为85.2%和93.3%。Cox回归分析表明,男生抑郁症状发生的危险是女生的2.52倍(95%CI:1.45～4.39),采取消极应对和功能失调性态度异常者均为抑郁症状发生的危险因素(RR=1.65,95%CI:0.93～2.94;RR=2.11,95%CI:1.22～3.63)。结论悲观归因、消极应对方式和功能失调性态度异常是导致抑郁症状发生的高危因素,三者对抑郁症状的产生可能存在联合作用。消极应对方式和功能失调性态度异常对抑郁的发生具有预测作用。
Objective To explore the relationship between cognitive characteristics such as attribution style, coping style and dysfunctional attitude, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college students so as to provide basis for preventing and treating depression among college students who are at high risk for depression. Methods Taking a medical university in Hefei, Anhui Province as a research site, 298 college students with no depressive symptoms in the first grade of clinical medicine were enrolled in this study. Two follow-up surveys were performed after 0.5 and 1 year respectively. Results The first and second follow-up of students were 254 and 278, respectively. The follow-up rates were 85.2% and 93.3% respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in boys was 2.52 times higher than that in girls (95% CI: 1.45-4.39), and those with negative coping style and dysfunctional attitude were the risk factors of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.65,95 % CI: 0.93-2.94; RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.22-3.63). Conclusion The pessimistic attribution, negative coping style and dysfunctional attitude are the risk factors of depressive symptoms. The three may have synergistic effects on the depressive symptoms. Negative coping styles and dysfunctional attitude have a predictor of the occurrence of depression.