20世纪80年代以来,最引人瞩目的浪漫是关于未来人类物质生产的遐想。有人讲知识对经济的重要性时,断言“所有创造财富的资源中,知识可以取代其他资源”,“知识是取代自然资源的替代品”,“取之不尽、用之不竭的知识是终极的替代品”,“目前有两种经济,一是朝阳经济,另一种是夕阳经济”,“多数传统产业已成夕阳,矿业、铁路、钢铁已被新技术革命所淘汰”,“现代经济的主要职能是知识和信息的生产和分配,而不再是物质的生产和分配”,“包括生产、消费和生活的各种经济活动过程都具有虚拟性,都不需要在现场进行,而是通过数字化的网络来完成”,于是“工业经济衰落”了,更有人畅想说,今后的生产对象主要是“比特”,而不是原子,将出现无物质生产 Since the 1980s, the most remarkable romance is the reverie about the future of human material production. When one talks about the importance of knowledge to the economy, it asserts that “all resources that create wealth can replace other resources,” and “knowledge is a substitute for natural resources.” “The inexhaustible knowledge is The ultimate substitute ”,“ There are two kinds of economy at present, one is the sun economy and the other is the sunset economy. ”“ Most traditional industries have become a sunset. Mining, railways and steel have been eliminated by the new technological revolution. ”“ The main function of economy is the production and distribution of knowledge and information, not the production and distribution of material. ”“ All economic activities including production, consumption and living are virtual and do not need to be carried out on site, Is done through a digital network. ”Then“ the industrial economy was declining, ”and some even imagined that in the future the main target of production would be“ bits, ”not atoms. There will be no material production