埃及首都开罗,是世界上历史最悠久的名城之一.它的历史可追溯到公元7世纪.阿拉伯第二任正统哈里发欧麦尔执政时期(634—644),新兴的阿拉伯伊斯兰国家开始大举对外扩张,639年末,阿拉伯名将阿慕尔率军挺进埃及,翌年1月轻取距现在塞得港不远的法尔玛,打通了前往拜占庭军队在埃及的军事要塞孟菲斯的道路.经7个月的包围,阿拉伯军队于641年4月6日攻破孟菲斯,接着向埃及首府亚历山大进军,迫使拜占庭帝国驻亚历山大总督居鲁士向阿慕尔立约投降,从而结束了拜占庭帝国对埃及的统治,埃及成为阿拉伯帝国的一个省.阿慕尔根据欧麦尔的命令,在孟菲斯城外搭帐蓬、建住宅,并把它定为埃及新首府,取 Egypt’s capital, Cairo, is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back to the 7th century AD The burgeoning Arab Islamic state started its massive operation at the Urals, the second orthodox Caliph (634-644) Expansion, the end of 639, the Arab star 阿穆尔 led troops into Egypt, in January the following year to take away from Port Said not far from Farmar, opened up to the Byzantine Army in Egypt’s military fort Memphis’s road after seven months Surrounded by the invasion by the Arab armies of Memphis on April 6, 641, and the subsequent march to Alexandria, the Egyptian capital, the forced surrender of the Byzantine Empire to Alexandru Governor of Cyrus to make an appointment with Amr to end the Byzantine Empire’s rule over Egypt, Egypt became Arab A province of the Empire, Amur ordered the construction of a dwelling outside Memphis and ordered it to be the new capital of Egypt, under the command of Umar