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抗惊厥药物的致畸作用自六十年代以来,对于抗惊厥药物具有引起自发性流产及新生儿出生缺陷的潜在性,已有许多临床报道。据统计二百个孕妇中即有一个为癫痫患者。因此,前述问题引起了药理学家及临床医师的关注。二十多年来,围绕这一问题,人类进行了一些群体调查及动物试验。大多数文献认为,癫痫母亲的子代发生出生缺陷为对照组的2～3倍。日本的Yoshibumi Nakane等在902名癫痫妇女中进行了前瞻与回顾相结合的调查,发现:服用抗痫药物母亲所生的畸形婴儿比未服药对照组高5倍。与正常人群比较,抗痫药物主要引起新生儿唇/腭裂、骨骼畸形、先天性心脏病、中枢神经系统畸形、精神发育迟滞及泌尿生殖系统等畸形。
Teratogenic effects of anticonvulsants Since the 1960s, there have been many clinical reports of the potential for anticonvulsant drugs to cause spontaneous abortion and neonatal birth defects. According to statistics, there are two hundred pregnant women who have epilepsy. Therefore, the aforementioned problems have drawn the attention of pharmacologists and clinicians. For more than two decades, human beings have conducted some group surveys and animal experiments around this issue. Most documents suggest that birth defects occur in the offspring of mothers with epilepsy as 2 to 3 times as large as the control group. Japan’s Yoshibumi Nakane and other 902 epilepsy women conducted a combination of prospective and retrospective survey found that: taking antiepileptic drug-born mothers than normal infants born five times higher than the non-medication control group. Compared with the normal population, anti-epilepsy drugs mainly cause neonatal lip / cleft palate, skeletal deformities, congenital heart disease, central nervous system deformity, mental retardation and genitourinary system and other deformities.