一、引言土工试验的目的是测定土的工程性质,为土工问题的设计提供必不可少的数据。土工问题虽然只有三种,即变形、稳定和防渗问题,但它涉及的面却很广,如房基的沉降和承载力;挡土墙和隧洞衬砌上的土压力;路堑、堤坝的稳定;坝基、渠道的防渗;公路、跑道的冻胀和变形等。这些问题与水利、电力、铁道、建筑、机械,冶金、航空、煤炭和化工建设 I. Introduction The purpose of a geotechnical test is to determine the engineering properties of soil and provide essential data for the design of geotechnical problems. Although there are only three kinds of geotechnical problems, namely deformation, stability and seepage prevention, it covers a wide range of aspects, such as the settlement and bearing capacity of the foundation; the earth pressure on retaining walls and tunnel linings; the stability of roads and dams. Dam foundation, channel seepage prevention, frost heaving and deformation of roads and runways. These issues are related to water conservancy, power, railways, construction, machinery, metallurgy, aviation, coal and chemical construction