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一、引言 在工农业生产、交通运输、财贸工作等各项经济活动中,必须提高经济效益,作到以较少的人力物力创造出较多的经济价值加速实现“四化”建设。 提高经济效益可以通过两个途径:一方面要不断创造和发明新的科学技术;发现新的物质资源;使用新的设备和新的原材料等。这当然是主要的方面。然而还有不可忽视的另一方面,就是怎样发挥现有设备和人力、物力使之达到最高的利用率。这就是规划论所要研究的问题。而规划论是现代数学的一个重要分支,在当前国民经济的各个领域里发挥着十分重要的作用。规划论按所使用的数学不同又可分为线性规划与非线性规划两大类。而前者是把问题的数学模型表现为一种线性问题。只须要有初等数学和线性代数的基础知识就可以得到解决。本文的目的就是从线性代数的角度来描述其中的一些典型问题,并说明在师专开设线性规划的必要性与可能性。
I. INTRODUCTION In various economic activities such as industrial and agricultural production, transportation, finance and trade, we must increase economic efficiency, create more economic value with less manpower and resources, and accelerate the building of the “four modernizations.” There are two ways to improve economic efficiency: on the one hand, we must constantly create and invent new science and technology; find new material resources; and use new equipment and new raw materials. This is of course the main aspect. However, there are other aspects that can not be neglected, namely, how to exert existing equipment and manpower and material resources to achieve the highest utilization rate. This is the issue to be studied in planning theory. Planning theory, on the other hand, is an important branch of modern mathematics and plays a very important role in various fields of the national economy. Planning theory according to the different math can be divided into two major categories of linear programming and nonlinear programming. The former presents the mathematical model of the problem as a linear problem. Only basic knowledge of elementary mathematics and linear algebra can be solved. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the typical problems from the point of view of linear algebra and to show the necessity and possibility of setting up linear programming in teachers' colleges.