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目的描述2014年许昌市手足口病重症病例的流行病学及病原学特征,科学防控手足口病。方法对2014年许昌市手足口病重症病例数据进行流行病学描述性分析。结果 2014年许昌市共报告444例手足口病重症病例,2例死亡,病死率0.45%。其中,男女性别比为1.98:1;发病人群以3岁及以下婴幼儿为主(占86.71%);发病高峰为5、6月份;8个县(市、区)均有病例报告,重症病例地区分布差异有统计学意义,χ2=202.809,P<0.001;病原特征以EV 71感染为主(占82.43%),重症病例与普通病例病原学分布差异有统计学意义,χ2=363.626,P<0.001;病原学分布在不同年份间的差异有统计学意义,χ2=62.741,P<0.001。结论 2014年许昌市手足口病重症病例以71型感染为主,仍要警惕优势病毒株的改变及手足口病相关病毒在人群中的变异情况。
Objective To describe the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD cases in Xuchang City in 2014 and to prevent and control hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The epidemiological descriptive analysis of severe case data of HFMD in Xuchang City in 2014 was conducted. Results A total of 444 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Xuchang in 2014, with 2 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.45%. Among them, the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.98: 1; the infants were mainly infants and young children aged 3 years and younger (86.71%); the peak incidence was 5 and 6 months; and the cases were reported in 8 counties (cities and districts) The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 202.809, P <0.001). The main pathogenic features were EV 71 infection (82.43%), and there was significant difference in pathogenic distribution between severe cases and common cases (χ2 = 363.626, P < 0.001; etiological distribution in different years, the difference was statistically significant, χ2 = 62.741, P <0.001. Conclusion In 2014, severe cases of HFMD in Xuchang were mainly infected with type 71, and the changes of dominant virus strains and the variation of hand, foot and mouth disease-related viruses in the population should be vigilant.