AIM: To determine if infliximab can prevent or delay surgery in refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: UC patients who failed to have their disease controlled with conventional therapies and were to undergo colectomy if infliximab failed to induce a clinical improvement were reviewed. Patients were primarily treated with a single 5 mg/kg infliximab dose. The Colitis Activity Index (CAI) was used to determine response and remission. Data of 8 wk response and colectomy rates at 6 mo and 12 mo were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included, 7 with UC unresponsive or intolerant to Ⅳ hydrocortisone, and 8 with active disease despite oral steroids (all but one with therapeutic dosage and duration of immunomodulation). All the Ⅳ hydrocortisone-resistant/intolerant patients had been on azathioprine/6-MP < 8 wk. At 8 wk, infliximab induced a response in 86.7% (13/15) with 40% in remission (6/15). Within 6 mo of treatment 26.7% (4/15) had undergone colectomy and surgery was avoided in 46.6% (7/15) at 12 mo. The colectomy rate at 12 mo in those on immunomodulatory therapy < 8 wk at time of infliximab was 12.5% (1/8) compared with 100% (7/7) in patients who were on long-term maintenance immunomodulators (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Infliximab prevented colectomy due to active disease in immunomodulatory-na?ve, refractory UC patients comparable to the use of Cyclosporine. In patients, however, on effective dosage and duration of immunomodulation at time of infliximab therapy colectomy was not avoided. METHODS: UC patients who failed to have their disease controlled with conventional therapies and were to undergo colectomy if infliximab failed to induce a clinical improvement were reviewed. Patients were treated with a single 5 mg / kg infliximab dose. The Colitis Activity Index (CAI) was used to determine response and remission. Data of 8 wk response and colectomy rates at 6 mo and 12 mo were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included, 7 with UC unresponsive or intolerant to IV hydrocortisone, and 8 with active disease despite oral steroids (all but one with therapeutic dosage and duration of immunomodulation). All the IV hydrocortisone-resistant / intolerant patients had been on azathioprine / 6-MP In 8 months, infliximab induced a response in 86.7% (13/15) with 40% in remission (6/15). Within 6 months of treatment 26.7% (4/15) had undergone colectomy and surgery was av The colectomy rate at 12 mo in those on immunomodulatory therapy <8 wk at time of infliximab was 12.5% ​​(1/8) compared with 100% (7/7) in patients who were on long-term maintenance immunomodulators (P <0.02). CONCLUSION: Infliximab prevented colectomy due to active disease in immunomodulatory-na? ve, refractory UC patients comparable to the use of Cyclosporine. In patients, however, on effective dosage and duration of immunomodulation at time of infliximab therapy colectomy was not avoided.