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在完全竞争市场上,所有的购买者都对同质产品支付相同的价格。如果所有消费者都具有充分的知识,那么每一固定质量单位的产品之间的价格差别就不存在了。因为任何试图比现有市场价格要价更高的产品销售者都将发现,没有人会向他们购买产品。然而,在卖主为垄断者或寡头的市场中,价格歧视则是很常见的。一般说来,价格歧视是指一家厂商在同一时间对同一产品索取两种或两种以上的价格。它还可指一家厂商的各种产品价格之间的差额大于其生产成本之间的差额。价格歧视的存在需要一些条件:1.厂商必须面对向下倾斜的需求曲
In a perfectly competitive market, all buyers pay the same price for a homogeneous product. If all consumers have sufficient knowledge, the price difference between the products of each fixed quality unit does not exist. Because any product seller who tries to charge a higher price than the existing market will find that no one will buy products from them. However, in markets where the seller is a monopolist or oligarch, price discrimination is common. In general, price discrimination means that a manufacturer requests two or more prices for the same product at the same time. It can also mean that the difference between the prices of various products of one manufacturer is greater than the difference between its production costs. The existence of price discrimination requires some conditions: 1. The manufacturer must face downward-sloping demand song