辩证唯物主义著作在论述辩证思维的基本方法中,一般包括下列几种方法:归纳与演绎、分析与综合、抽象与具体、逻辑与历史的辩证统一。历年来,在小学科学教育中,前三种科学思维方法——归纳与演绎、分析与综合、抽象与具 Dialectical materialism in the discussion of the basic methods of dialectical thinking, generally include the following methods: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstract and concrete, logic and history of dialectical unity. Over the years, in the primary science education, the first three kinds of scientific thinking methods - induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and