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多年来,学者们一直致力于喉全切除术后的发音重建。早在1873年,Leiter为Billroth的第一例喉全切除患者创制了原始人工喉,而1874年Gussenbauer加以改进,在颈部气管造口的上方作一开放性咽瘘而获得发音。本世纪50年代末和60年代,一些学者相继创造了气管-咽(食管)分路(桥)技术,使患者获得一定的发音功能。70年代以来,有些学者利用发声器也获得成功。Arslan和Serafini成功地创建气管(环)-咽吻合术和Staffieri首创的新声门重建术,均为喉全切术后发音重建开辟了新的途径。Murphy(1980)将发音重建的方法总结列表如下:
Over the years, scholars have been dedicated to the reconstruction of vocal folds after total laryngectomy. As early as 1873, Leiter created the original artificial throat for Billroth’s first case of total laryngectomy, and in 1874 Gussenbauer modified it to produce an open pharyngeal fistula above the neck tracheostomy for pronunciation. In the late 1950s and 1960s, some scholars have successively created the tracheal-pharyngeal (esophageal) shunt (bridge) technology, which enables patients to obtain certain pronunciation functions. Since the 1970s, some scholars have also succeeded in using sounders. The success of Arslan and Serafini in creating tracheal (loop) -pharyngeal anastomosis and Staffieri’s pioneering new glottis reconstruction opens up new avenues for phonoplasty after total laryngectomy. Murphy (1980) summarizes the pronunciation reconstruction method as follows: