目的探讨早期保乳术与改良根治术治疗乳腺癌患者的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月至2016年12月间扬州友好医院收治的165例接受手术治疗的乳腺癌患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组81例与对照组84例。观察组患者采用保乳术治疗,对照组患者采用改良根治术手术,比较两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、平均住院时间、平均引流量、术后乳房美容效果和生活质量,比较两组患者1年生存率、并发症发生率、腋淋巴结复发率及远处转移率。结果观察组患者手术时间和住院时间均短于对照组,术后引流量、切口长度和术中出血量均少于对照组,美容满意度(97.5%)高于对照组(85.7%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者生理功能、躯体功能、精神健康、情感功能、社会功能和总体健康评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者1年生存率、并发症发生率、腋淋巴结复发率和远处转移率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论早期保乳手术治疗乳腺癌患者,手术时间和住院时间短,术中出血量少,术后美容满意度和生活质量高,值得临床应用。 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of early conservative surgery and modified radical mastectomy on patients with breast cancer. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing surgery from January 2012 to December 2016 in Yangzhou Friendship Hospital were divided into observation group (n = 81) and control group (n = 84) by random number table. The patients in the observation group were treated with conservative surgery. The patients in the control group were treated by modified radical mastectomy. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, average length of hospital stay, average drainage volume, breast cosmetic effect and quality of life One-year survival rate, complication rate, axillary lymph node recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group. The drainage volume, incision length and blood loss in the observation group were less than those in the control group. The cosmetic satisfaction (97.5%) was higher than that in the control group (85.7%). All were statistically significant (P <0.05). Physiological function, physical function, mental health, emotional function, social function and overall health score in observation group were higher than those in control group (all P <0.05). The 1-year survival rate, complication rate, axillary lymph node recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate in the observation group were not significantly different from those in the control group (all P> 0.05). Conclusion Early breast conserving surgery for breast cancer patients, shorter operative time and hospitalization, less blood loss, postoperative cosmetic satisfaction and quality of life, it is worth clinical application.