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卒中的定义是脑局部血供异常。这种异常可能是缺血或出血。由于病变出现的时间和程度不同,可产生一系列短暂的或持久的神经损伤。病因可能是一个也可能是数个。“卒中”病人可能同时有充血性心衰、房颤、肺疾患、贫血、溃疡性动脉粥样硬化和血栓病变引起的侧支血流不足等。很显然,一种“卒中”模型绝不可能摸拟出所有“卒中”病变。有关卒中动物模型的讨论很少涉及这个令人困惑的问题。用作卒中模型的动物年轻健壮,而人类卒中95%发生在壮年和老年,通常还患有1、2种慢性病。用脑缺血动物模型来检验临床有效药物,结果不令人满意,其部分原因可能是实验时用了年轻健康的动物。
Stroke is defined as an abnormal blood supply to the brain. This abnormality may be ischemia or bleeding. Due to the different time and extent of the lesions, a series of transient or permanent nerve damage can occur. The cause may be one or several. “Stroke” patients may have congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, lung disease, anemia, ulcerative atherosclerosis and thrombotic lesions caused by collateral blood flow inadequate. Obviously, it is impossible for a “stroke” model to simulate all “stroke” lesions. The discussion of animal models of stroke rarely involves this puzzling question. Animals used as stroke models are young and robust, while 95% of human strikes occur in adulthood and in old age, often with 1 or 2 chronic diseases. The use of animal models of cerebral ischemia to test clinically valid drugs has not been satisfactory, partly because of the young and healthy animals used in the experiment.