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一、前言昆虫激素,基本可分为内激素和外激素二大类。内激素主要是昆虫内分泌器官分泌的、能在体液内流动的活性物质,它能调节和控制昆虫的生长发育、变态、滞育、交配、生殖以及一般生理代谢作用。外激素是由昆虫某一器官或组织分泌的、能在体外流动的活性物质,它能借空气或其它媒介散布到体外,影响同种其它个体的特殊行为。近年来生态学有了很大发展,人们发现在昆虫与昆虫,昆虫与植物之间的联系,在很大程度上也是依赖化学物质传递信息的。如昆虫求偶,寻找食物、定向栖息搜索寄主、受到侵扰时向同类告惊等行为都存在着化学物质的作用。自七十年代初到现在,国内外已知产生外激素的昆虫达300多种,其中约80余种昆虫的性诱物质已能分析提纯并阐明了它的化学结构式,有近30种的性诱物质可以人工合成,已经商品化了的有19种。昆虫性息激素,具有极强的引诱力,只要空气中有微量存在,即能吸引同种异性(雄或雌成虫)产生生理效应。鳞翅目雌虫释放性信息素的腺体,一般位于腹部第八、九节的节间膜上,多数种类是由雌虫释放以引诱雄虫前来交尾;也有些种类是由雄虫释放,以引诱雌虫的。昆虫的性激素,仅对同种异性个体发生作用,而不会把别的昆虫引来,这样就保持了种的连续和生殖隔离,但也有亲缘相近的种类(如同属或同科)相互间有一定的引诱力,因此不会伤害天敌。
First, the foreword Insect hormones, the basic can be divided into two major categories of hormones and hormones. Endocrine hormones are mainly secreted by insect endocrine organs and can flow in the body fluid, which can regulate and control insect growth, metamorphosis, diapause, mating, reproduction and general physiological metabolism. Pheromones are secreted by an organ or tissue of an insect and can flow in vitro. They can be released into the body by air or other agents and affect the special behaviors of other individuals of the same species. In recent years, there has been a great development in ecology. People have found that the links between insects and insects, insects and plants are largely dependent on chemical substances for information transmission. Such as insect courtship, looking for food, habitat search host search, when disturbed to the same kind of behavior such as the presence of chemical substances. Since the early 1970s, more than 300 kinds of pheromones have been known at home and abroad. Among them, about 80 species of insect-trapping substances have been analyzed and purified and their chemical structure has been elucidated. There are nearly 30 species Lure material can be synthesized, there are 19 kinds of commercialization. Insect sex hormone, has a very strong attraction, as long as there is a trace of the existence of the air, that can attract the same sex (male or female adults) have a physiological effect. Lepidoptera released pheromone glands of the female, usually located in the eighth and ninth of the abdomen on the intima, most species are released by the female to lure the male to the mating; also some species are released by the male, To lure females. The insects’ sex hormones act only on individuals of the same species, but do not attract other insects, thus maintaining the species’s continuous and reproductive isolation but also related species (eg, genus or family) with each other A certain lure, so will not hurt natural enemies.