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在单晶硅表面通过多步化学反应共价键合多种菁染料，对它们的ＸＰＳ分析表明，单晶硅表面存在着与各单体染料组成相同的化学元素及化学环境，并由有关元素结合能的分析证明它们是通过硅氮键键合于单晶硅表面上的。
A variety of cyanine dyes were covalently bonded to the surface of single crystal silicon by multi-step chemical reaction. XPS analysis showed that the same chemical elements and chemical environment existed on the surface of single crystal silicon. Binding energy analysis proves that they are bonded to the surface of single crystal silicon by silicon nitrogen bond.