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采用群落生态学方法,在长沙市望城区一持续30 a的长期定位试验基地调查9种施肥方式对早稻田间杂草生物多样性的影响。结果表明:早稻田共发现杂草10种。不同施肥处理小区中杂草种类以施N、P、K肥和稻草处理最少,只施N、K化肥处理最高(8种);以稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea)和双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)4种杂草发生密度较大,它们分别在不同施肥处理中占据优势。N、P、K肥平衡施用和有机无机肥配施处理,促进了早稻的生长,水稻植株繁茂,光照透过率低,早稻良好的长势限制了稻田杂草对土壤水、肥及光照的利用,进而抑制杂草的生长,显著降低田间杂草的总密度,使其发生危害程度得到有效抑制。
Using the method of community ecology, we investigated the effects of nine fertilization modes on the weed biodiversity in the early rice paddy field in a long-term experimental site for 30 years in Wangcheng District, Changsha City. The results showed that 10 species of weeds were found in the early rice fields. The treatment of weeds in different fertilization plots was the least with N, P, K fertilizer and straw, with only N and K fertilizers being the highest (8 species); Echinochloa crusgalli, Monochoria vaginalis, Four weeds, Sagittaria pygmaea and Paspalum distichum, developed more densely and dominated different fertilization treatments. Balanced application of N, P and K fertilizers and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers promoted early rice growth, lush rice plants and low light transmittance. The good growth of early rice limited the use of weeds in paddy field to soil water, fertilizer and light , And then inhibit the growth of weeds, significantly reduce the total density of weeds in the field, so that the degree of harm can be effectively suppressed.