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目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病和腔隙性脑梗死患者的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肌酐、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及认知功能的变化，并对二者的相关性进行分析。方法:选取2016年7月至2019年7月内蒙古自治区人民医院保健所收治的36例阿尔茨海默病患者为阿尔茨海默病组，男21例，女15例，(65.85±7.13)岁，年龄范围为57～73岁；选取同期收治的36例腔隙性脑梗死患者为脑梗死组，男20例，女16例，年龄(66.26±5.18)岁，年龄范围为60～72岁；另选取同期36例健康体检者为健康组，男23例，女13例，年龄(65.32±6.14)岁，年龄范围为56～72岁。比较三组纳入者的简明精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、痴呆简易筛查量表(BSSD)评分、具体认知功能及血清中的ALP、ALT、肌酐、HDL-C水平。结果:阿尔茨海默病组MMSE评分[(15.27±3.83)分]、BSSD评分[(16.21±3.07)分]低于健康组[(29.97±7.17)分、(66.85±10.52)分]，差异有统计学意义(n F＝6.523，n P<0.001)。脑梗死组BSSD评分[(27.26±6.81)分]低于健康组，差异有统计学意义(n F＝5.352，n P<0.001)。阿尔茨海默病组患者的言语理解、地点定向、短程记忆低于健康组，差异有统计学意义(n P<0.001)。脑梗死组患者的言语理解、短程记忆低于健康组，差异有统计学意义(n P<0.001)。阿尔茨海默病组和脑梗死组的ALP[(78.29±6.28)U/L、(80.37±8.21)U/L]、HDL-C[(2.24±0.07)μmol/L、(2.53±0.81)μmol/L]水平均高于健康组[(72.38±9.61)U/L、(1.21±0.98)μmol/L]，差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.001)。n 结论:早期联合评估认知功能及血清学检测，可尽早对阿尔茨海默病和腔隙性脑梗死进行诊断，阻止症状加重，提高生活质量。“,”Objective:To investigate the changes of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), creatinine(Cr), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer′s disease and lacunar cerebral infarction, and to analyze the correlation between ALP, ALT, HDL-C and cognitive function.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 36 cases of patients with Alzheimer′s disease who were admitted in the People′s Hospital Health Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from July 2016 to July 2019.There were 21 males and 15 females, aged(65.85±7.13)years old, and the age ranging 57 to 73 years old.A total of 36 patients with lacunar cerebral infarction admitted at the same time were selected as the cerebral infarction group, including 20 males and 16 females, aged(66.26±5.18)years old, and the age ranging 60 to 72 years old.In addition, 36 healthy physical examinees were selected as the health group during the same period, including 23 males and 13 females, aged(65.32±6.14)years old, and the age ranging 56 to 72 years old.Participants in the three groups were compared on the minimum-mental state examination(MMSE)score, brief screening scale for dementia(BSSD)score, specific cognitive function and serum ALP, ALT, Cr and HDL-C levels.Results:The MMSE scores[(15.27±3.83)points]and BSSD scores[(16.21±3.07)points]in the Alzheimer′s disease group were lower than those in the healthy group[(29.97±7.17)points and(66.85±10.52)points], and the differences were statistically significant(n F=6.523, n P<0.001). The BSSD score of the cerebral infarction group[(27.26±6.81)points]was lower than that of the healthy group, and the difference was statistically significant(n F=5.352, n P<0.001). Speech comprehension, location-oriented, and short-range memory were significantly lower in the Alzheimer′s group than in the healthy group(n P<0.001). Speech comprehension and short-term memory of patients in the cerebral infarction group were lower than those in the healthy group, and the differences were statistically significant(n P<0.001). ALP[(78.29±6.28)U/L, (80.37±8.21)U/L]and HDL-C[(2.24±0.07)μmol/L, (2.53±0.81)μmol/L]levels in the Alzheimer′s disease group and the cerebral infarction group were all higher than those in the healthy group[(72.38±9.61)U/L, (1.21±0.98)μmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant(n P<0.001).n Conclusion:Early combined assessment of cognitive function and serological tests can be used to diagnose Alzheimer′s disease and lacunar cerebral infarction as early as possible, prevent the symptoms from worsening, and improve the quality of life.