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目的了解我国云南省中国-缅甸(中缅)边境地区微小按蚊种群密度及其生态习性,为该地区疟疾输入继发传播风险评估及制定有针对性的媒介控制措施提供科学数据。方法选择云南省中缅边境地区腾冲市的5个乡作为调查点,每个乡选取2个自然村,于2015年5-12月开展现场调查。采用诱蚊灯诱捕法、双帐人诱法通宵监测微小按蚊种群密度及其叮人习性,通过定人、定时、定点的人工捕获法,对成蚊的生态习性、蚊幼虫密度及其孳生地进行调查;利用多重PCR方法鉴定成蚊的胃血来源。结果共捕获按蚊4 089只,经形态学鉴定分别为中华按蚊、微小按蚊、带足按蚊、库态按蚊、美彩按蚊、银足按蚊和多斑按蚊,以中华按蚊(2 055/4 089,50.26%)、带足按蚊(1315/4 089,32.16%)和微小按蚊(563/4 089,13.77%)为优势种。微小按蚊密度高峰在9月,其中牛房和人房蚊密度分别为32.70和12.20只/(灯·夜),叮人率为2.0只/(人·夜)。微小按蚊在日落后通宵均有吸血活动,吸血场所以牛房为主,人房与牛房捕获吸血的微小按蚊比例为1∶10。微小按蚊偏吸牲畜血,人血指数为0.23。在孳生地共捕获蚊幼虫423条,以池塘捕获数量最多,为266条。结论腾冲市经过长期的疟疾防治工作,微小按蚊种群数量得到了有效控制,但蚊种的部分生态习性可能发生改变,还需继续加强监测。
Objective To understand population density and ecological habits of Anopheles minimus in the border area of China-Myanmar (China-Myanmar) in Yunnan Province of China and provide scientific data for the risk assessment of secondary transmission of malaria in the area and to develop targeted media control measures. Methods Five townships in Tengchong, a Sino-Burmese border area in Yunnan Province, were selected as survey sites. Two villages were selected for each township. Field surveys were conducted in May-December 2015. The mosquito trap method was used to detect the population density of Anopheles stephensi and the bite habits of the mosquito population by double-trap method. The artificial habitat of the mosquito, the density of mosquito larvae and their breeding To investigate the use of multiple PCR method to identify adult mosquitoes origin of gastric blood. Results A total of 4 089 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected. The morphological characters were Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles stephensi. Anopheles (2 055/4 089, 50.26%), Anopheles stephensi (1315/4 089, 32.16%) and Anopheles minimus (563/4 089, 13.77%) were the dominant species. The density of Anopheles minimus was at September, with mosquito density of 32.70 and 12.20 / (lamp · night) respectively, and the bite rate was 2.0 / (person · night). Anopheles minimus had sucking blood all night long after sundown. The sucking blood was dominated by oxen, and the proportion of tiny Anopheles trapped in the sufferer and sufferer was 1:10. Smaller Anopheles suck livestock blood, blood index was 0.23. A total of 423 mosquito larvae were caught at breeding sites, with the largest number of pond catches being 266. Conclusion After long-term malaria control in Tengchong City, the population of Anopheles minimus has been effectively controlled. However, some ecological habits of mosquito species may be changed, and monitoring should continue.