诊断和治疗机会性真菌感染较为困难。首先.感染的诊断常不够明确,因此何时开始治疗亦有困难。其次,目前已有的抗真菌药物体外实验有抑菌或杀菌作用,但在体内则可无效。最后,疗程常不取决于真菌是否杀灭或感染灶是否清除,而常取决于患者的免疫功能状态。由于上述情况均较难正确估计,因此亦不易决定终止冶疗的时间。 此外,各种真菌感染尚有其特异的诊断问题。例如,常因临床标本涂片或培养的假阳性结果而误诊为侵袭性念珠菌病;而侵垄性曲菌病则常可有痰的假阴性结果。各种真菌病的冶疗亦不尽相同。真菌感染的诱因见附表。 Diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic fungal infections is more difficult. First, the diagnosis of infection is often not clear enough, so it is difficult to start treatment. Second, the existing antifungal drugs in vitro experiments have antibacterial or bactericidal effect, but in vivo can be invalid. Finally, the course of treatment is often not dependent on whether the fungus is killed or the lesion is cleared, often depending on the patient’s immune function. As these conditions are difficult to estimate correctly, it is not easy to decide on the timing of termination of treatment. In addition, various fungal infections have their own specific diagnostic problems. For example, invasive candidiasis is often misdiagnosed as a result of false positives from clinical smear or culture; whereas, aspergillosis is often associated with false negative results of sputum. The treatment of various fungal diseases are not the same. The causes of fungal infection see schedule.