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[目的] 对国际间航行的船舶、列车、飞机上的鼠类进行生物学监测,为防制鼠传疾病在国际间蔓延提供检验检疫对策。[方法] 通过对船舶、列车、飞机实施鼠类检查、卫生检查,应用物理的、化学的方法以及鼠遗迹追踪现场观察等方法实施监测。[结果] 通过监测①在国际船舶上发现5种鼠类,列车上发现3种鼠类,飞机上仅发现2种;②船舶、列车上鼠类多栖息活动在水源、食源丰富的厨房附近;③交通工具上鼠类来源主要是防鼠工程缺欠和随着藏鼠货物带上来的。〔结论〕通过监测不仅掌握了交通工具上鼠类生活习性,更重要的是据此提出防制对策:①重视防鼠建筑改造;③加强法规管理;③加强交通工具卫生监督;④来自鼠疫区的交通工具要实施除鼠。
[Objective] To carry out biological monitoring of rodents on ships, trains and airplanes in the world and provide inspection and quarantine measures to prevent the spread of rodent diseases in the world. [Method] The monitoring was carried out on the ships, trains and airplanes through rodent inspection, hygienic inspection, physical and chemical methods as well as on-site observation by mouse trace. [Results] Five kinds of rodents were found on international ships, three kinds of rodents were found on the train and two were found on the plane. (2) The multiple habitat of rodents on ships and trains was found near the water source and food-rich kitchen ; ③ the main source of traffic on rats rodent engineering deficiencies and with Tibetan animals brought up. [Conclusion] The monitoring not only grasped the habits of the mice on the vehicles, but more importantly put forward the countermeasures for prevention and control: (1) to attach importance to the building of anti-rat buildings; (3) to strengthen the management of laws and regulations; (3) to enhance the hygiene supervision of vehicles; (4) The means of transport to implement deratization.