采用机械振动辅助激光熔覆工艺在45钢表面制备了Fe55合金涂层,通过光学图像分析仪观察了熔覆层的几何形貌,结合Auto CAD软件标注了涂层高度、宽度和熔覆角等几何特征参数,探讨了激光比能、振幅、频率等工艺参数对涂层熔覆角的影响,借助响应面分析法提供的二阶多项式构建了能明确表征熔覆角与激光比能、振幅、频率之间隐式关系的函数模型。结果表明,机械振动作用下激光熔覆层的熔覆角大于无机械振动的涂层。在相同激光比能和振幅条件下,频率200 Hz比频率100 Hz的熔覆角大,且在振幅为0.10 mm时熔覆角最小。采用最小二乘法优化后的函数模型所计算的熔覆角优于现有几何模型计算值,更接近实际测量结果。 The mechanical vibration assisted laser cladding process was used to prepare the Fe55 alloy coating on the surface of 45 steel. The geometry of cladding layer was observed by optical image analyzer. The coating height, width and cladding angle were marked with Auto CAD software The geometric parameters of the coating were investigated. The effects of laser parameters such as specific energy, amplitude and frequency on the coating angle were discussed. The second order polynomial provided by response surface analysis The functional model of the implicit relationship between frequencies. The results show that the cladding angle of the laser cladding layer is larger than the one without mechanical vibration under mechanical vibration. Under the same laser specific energy and amplitude conditions, the frequency of 200 Hz is larger than the cladding frequency of 100 Hz and the minimum of the cladding angle at the amplitude of 0.10 mm. The cladding angle calculated by the least square method optimized function model is better than the existing geometric model and closer to the actual measurement results.