焦耳(1818～1889),1818年12月24日生于英国曼彻斯特,他的父亲是一个酿酒厂主。焦耳自幼跟随父亲参加酿酒劳动,没有受过正规的教育。青年时期,在别人的介绍下,焦耳认识了著名的化学家道尔顿。道尔顿给予了焦耳热情的教导。焦耳向他虚心学习了数学、哲学和化学,这些知识为焦耳后来的研究奠定了理论基础。而且道尔顿教给焦耳理论与实践相结合的科研方法,激发了焦耳对化学和物理的兴趣。 Joule (1818～1889) was born in Manchester, England, on December 24, 1818. His father was a winery owner. Joule followed his father to participate in winemaking and had no formal education. In his youth, under the introduction of others, Joule met the famous chemist Dalton. Dalton gave Joule warm teaching. Joule learned to mathematics, philosophy and chemistry from his open mind, which laid the theoretical foundation for Joule’s later research. And Dalton taught Joule’s scientific methods combined with practice and inspired Joule’s interest in chemistry and physics.