目的　观察脑干组织中神经轴突的正常形态。方法　用荧光免疫组织化学技术显示神经丝蛋白,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察正常脑干组织中的神经轴突。结果　在荧光显微镜下,神经轴突粗细较均匀,少数有弯曲现象,未见不规则肿胀及断裂。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分层扫描发现神经轴突的内部结构连续性好,三维重建后可见轴突的立体结构完整。结论　激光扫描共聚焦显微镜能观察到神经轴突的内部结构和立体结构,可用于观察神经轴突在病理情况下的细微改变 Objective To observe the normal morphology of axons in brain stem tissue. Methods The neurofilament proteins were visualized by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The axons in normal brain stem tissues were observed under fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. Results Under fluorescent microscope, the axons had a uniform thickness and few flexures, with no irregular swelling and rupture. Laser scanning confocal microscopy stratified scan found that the internal structure of axons continuity is good, three-dimensional reconstruction of axons can see the three-dimensional structure integrity. Conclusions Laser scanning confocal microscopy can observe the internal structure and the three-dimensional structure of axons and can be used to observe the minor changes of axons in the pathological situation