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食用菌学科随着现代科学技术的发展,和人类对蛋白质的需求量的急剧增加,加之食用菌营养丰富,味道鲜美,又具有一定的药用价值而负有“保健食品”之盛誉。近廿年来发展十分迅速。食用菌的栽培技术亦有了很大的改进。从段木栽培、粪草料栽培到木屑、棉子壳栽培,人工合成料栽培,甚至用工业废料,如酒渣、醋渣、丙酮、丁醇培养基废料、四环素抗生素培养基废料、灵芝深层培养的废渣,直至垃圾、废纸经处理后均可用作食用菌的培养基,不胜枚举。可谓凡含有纤维素,木质素的广泛物质都可能成为食用菌的培养材料。但是,在栽培方法上始终未能摆脱蘑菇瓶来制原种和栽培种。这种方法工艺烦琐,费工、费时,成本高,效率低,蘑菇瓶破碎损耗大。因此,食用菌的生产还不易推广,有一定的局限性,地区发展也极不平衡。国内外的市场供求关系紧张。
With the development of modern science and technology and the rapid increase of human demand for protein, edible mushrooms have the reputation of “health food” due to their rich nutrition, delicious taste and certain medicinal value. In recent twenty years the development has been very rapid. Edible mushroom cultivation techniques have also been greatly improved. From segment wood cultivation, dung material cultivation to sawdust, cotton seed shell cultivation, artificial material cultivation, and even industrial waste such as wine residue, vinegar residue, acetone, butanol medium waste, tetracycline antibiotic medium waste, Of waste, until the garbage, waste paper can be used as edible mushrooms after treatment medium, numerous. Can be described as a wide range of substances containing cellulose, lignin can become edible mushroom cultivation materials. However, the cultivation methods have not been able to get rid of mushroom bottles to make original species and cultivars. This method is cumbersome process, labor, time-consuming, high cost, low efficiency, mushroom bottle broken loss. Therefore, the production of edible fungi is still not easy to promote, which has some limitations and the development of the area is also very unbalanced. Domestic and international market supply and demand tension.