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DNA或RNA与聚阳离子形成的复合物被广泛用作非病毒类基因载体。由于静电相互作用的高强度和长程性,在溶液中形成的DNA/RNA复合物往往受动力学控制,其结构随着时间会进一步变化。本文总结了这些年来DNA/RNA与聚阳离子复合形成的复合物动力学研究进展,并提出影响复合物的因素主要有两个:近程静电吸引力和远程静电排斥力之间的竞争,以及复合物内、复合物之间的歧化。揭示DNA/RNA与聚阳离子的复合机理,对于制备具有特定结构和功能的基因载体具有重要意义。
Complexes of DNA or RNA with polycations are widely used as non-viral gene vectors. Due to the high intensity and long-range nature of electrostatic interactions, DNA / RNA complexes formed in solution tend to be kinetically controlled and their structure changes further over time. This review summarizes the progress in the kinetics of complex formation of DNA / RNA and polycation over the years and points out that there are mainly two factors affecting the complex: the competition between near-surface electrostatic attraction and long-range electrostatic repulsion, In-house, complex disproportionation. Revealing the complex mechanism of DNA / RNA and polycation is of great significance for the preparation of gene vectors with specific structure and function.