畜牧业是古代游牧民族生活最重要的组成部分。考古资料证明,新疆早在原始社会阶段就已有了农业生产,又因其地理气候条件属于干旱草原宜牧区,新疆的畜牧业历史也很悠久,自古以来就是我国畜牧业发达的地区~([1])。牛作为重要的畜牧牲畜,无论古代还是现在,都对新疆各族民众的生产生活产生了重要的影响。新疆是我国的文物大省之一,在各地都发现了很多各时期的文化遗存,并出土了大量的珍贵文物。其中“牛”在人们生活中扮演了很多重要的角色,以不同的形式出现在不同时期的遗址遗迹中。通过对这些遗迹中出现的“牛”形象的分析,可以将其功能大致分为早期宗教崇拜对象、交通工具、财富象征、衣食来源等。 Animal husbandry is the most important part of ancient nomadic life. Archaeological data proves that Xinjiang already had agricultural production as early as the primitive society and because of its geographical and climatic conditions belonging to the pastoral areas of arid grasslands. The history of animal husbandry in Xinjiang also has a long history. Since ancient times, 1]). Cattle, as an important animal husbandry, has had an important impact on the production and living of people of all nationalities in Xinjiang, both ancient and present. Xinjiang is one of the major cultural relics in our country. Many cultural relics of various periods have been discovered in various places and a large number of precious cultural relics have been unearthed. Among them, “cow” plays many important roles in people’s life and appears in different forms in ruins of different periods. Through the analysis of the “cow” images appearing in these relics, their functions can be roughly divided into the objects of early religious worship, transportation, symbol of wealth, sources of food and clothing.