苏联领域的地质构造极为多样,为发展大地构造学研究创造了广泛的可能性。地质学的历史表明,我们总是有好几种构造研究的思路,彼此之间进行着原则性的、有时是尖锐的创造性争论。但无论是在地壳构造形式及其发展规律性、构造运动,或者构造成因一般概念等研究领域,从来也没有用命令规定过某一种思想。例如,在二十至三十年代,有三个特别鲜明的方向 The geological formations in the Soviet Union are extremely diverse and have created a wide range of possibilities for the study of tectonics. The history of geology shows that there are always several constructive ideas we can make about each other that are principled, sometimes sharp, creative controversy with each other. However, it has never been dictated by the order of any kind of thought whether in the crustal structure and its regularity of development, the tectonic movement, or the construction of research fields such as general concepts. For example, in the 1920s and 1930s, there were three particularly distinctive directions