二次大战时,美国军方委托著名的心理学家桂尔福研发一套心理测试,来挑选飞行员。结果很惨,通过这套测试的飞行员,训练时成绩表现都很优秀。可是一上战场,就被击落,死亡率非常高。桂尔福在检讨问题时,发现那些身经百战打不死的飞行员,多半是由退役的“老鸟”挑选出来的。他非常纳闷,为什么 World War II, the United States military commissioned the famous psychologist Gui Fu Fu to develop a psychological test to select pilots. The result was miserable. The pilots who passed the test performed very well in training. But on the battlefield, it was shot down, the mortality rate is very high. When reviewing the issue, Guilfoel discovered that those pilots who had not been able to fight in battles were mostly selected by retired “old birds.” He wondered why