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应用~(15)N示踪技术研究了作物秸秆不同施用方式对保存和提高施入氮肥肥效的影响。氮肥硫酸铵标记丰度为8.92％,经三年盆栽和田间小区试验表明,化肥氮与秸秆配合铺施(~(15)N+铺)或混(翻压)施(~(15)N+混或翻),作物可增产5.4～30.0％(盆栽春小麦、夏各)和18～23％(田间冬小麦、夏玉米)。~(15)N示踪试验表明,在~(15)N+铺处理下,盆栽四季作物对施入的化肥氮的利用率分别为57.8％、65.8％、36.6％和8.5％,较单施~(15)N的分别增高3.7％、10.2％、21.5％和2.8％;随土壤渗漏水流失的氮量较单施~(15)N的减少50％;以气态逸失的氮量减少30.3％;进入土壤腐殖质的化肥氮较单施~(15)N的增多21.1％,证明了秸秆的不同施用方式调控了土壤微生物的活性,从而起到了保存和提高土壤肥效的作用。
The effects of different application modes of crop stalks on the conservation and application of nitrogen fertilizer were studied using ~ (15) N tracing technique. Nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulfate labeled abundance of 8.92%, after three years of potted and field plots showed that fertilizer nitrogen and straw with the shop (~ (15) N + shop) or mixed (pressure) Shi (15) N + mixed or Turnover), crop yield increase 5.4 ~ 30.0% (potted spring wheat, summer) and 18 ~ 23% (field winter wheat, summer corn). The ~ (15) N tracer test showed that the utilization rates of four fertilizers were 57.8%, 65.8%, 36.6% and 8.5% respectively under ~ (15) N + (15) N increased by 3.7%, 10.2%, 21.5% and 2.8%, respectively. The amount of nitrogen lost by soil seepage water was reduced by 50% ; The nitrogen of fertilizer entering soil humus increased by 21.1% compared with that of single application of (15) N, which proved that different application modes of straw regulated the activity of soil microorganism and played the role of preserving and improving soil fertility.