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目的了解唐山地区中小学生支气管哮喘的流行病学特点,为今后开展哮喘的防治工作提供理论和实践依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法对唐山地区中小学生支气管哮喘的患病情况及相关危险因素进行问卷调查。结果共调查6~16岁中小学生12 905人,失访227人,哮喘患者241例,总患病率为1.87%,男、女患病率分别为2.26%和1.41%。分析显示,哮喘的最主要影响因素为呼吸道感染。仅有28.22%的哮喘中小学生接受过吸入激素治疗。65.15%的哮喘患儿学习受到不同程度的影响,81.74%的家长工作受到不同程度的影响。结论唐山地区中小学生哮喘患病率较高,影响因素是多方面的,给家庭和社会造成了严重的影响,重视中小学生支气管哮喘的防治势在必行。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma in primary and secondary school students in Tangshan area and to provide theoretical and practical evidence for future prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of bronchial asthma in primary and secondary school students in Tangshan and related risk factors. Results A total of 12 905 primary and secondary school students aged 6-16 years were enrolled. Among them, 227 were lost and 241 were asthmatic. The overall prevalence was 1.87%. The prevalence rates of male and female were 2.26% and 1.41% respectively. Analysis shows that the main influencing factor of asthma is respiratory tract infection. Only 28.22% of asthmatic students received inhaled corticosteroids. 65.15% of asthmatic children were affected to varying degrees and 81.74% of parents were affected to varying degrees. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma in primary and secondary school students in Tangshan is high, and the influencing factors are many, which have a serious impact on family and society. It is imperative to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma in primary and secondary school students.