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目的:研究槟榔子(Areca catechu)粗提取物中所含的抗血小板聚集及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的有效成分及其作用机制。方法:使用70%甲醇水溶液对槟榔子进行粗提取。使用生物发光血小板凝集仪在富血小板血浆中测定槟榔子粗提取物的抗血小板聚集作用,使用分光光度计在试管内测定槟榔子粗提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制作用。检测槟榔子中的多种化合物以测定槟榔子中抗血小板聚集及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的有效成分。结果:槟榔子粗提取物能够抑制花生四烯酸、二磷酸腺苷、血小板活化因子、肾上腺素及钙离子载体引起的血小板聚集,尤其对二磷酸腺苷及钙离子载体引起的血小板聚集的抑制最为明显;槟榔子粗提取物能够显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性。在所检测的槟榔子所含化合物中,只有儿茶素对肾上腺素引起的血小板聚集有显著的抑制作用,而这种抑制作用显著弱于槟榔子粗提取物,提示槟榔子中的其他成分参与了这种抑制作用;鞣酸、没食子酸、薯蓣皂苷元和异去甲槟榔次碱能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,其中鞣酸的抑制作用强于槟榔子粗提取物。结论:槟榔子中含有抗血小板聚集及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的有效成分,而发挥这些功效的确切成分有待进一步的研究证实。
OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-platelet aggregation and inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase contained in the crude extract of Areca catechu and its mechanism of action. Method: Crude betel nut was extracted with 70% aqueous methanol. The anti-platelet aggregation of the betel nut crude extract was assayed in platelet-rich plasma using a bioluminescent platelet aggregometer and the inhibitory effect of the betel nut crude extract on acetylcholinesterase activity was determined in a test tube using a spectrophotometer. Various compounds in betel nut are assayed to determine the anti-platelet aggregation and inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase in betel nut. Results: The betel nut extract could inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, platelet activating factor, epinephrine and calcium ionophore, especially for platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and calcium ionophore The most obvious; betel nut extract can significantly inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Among the tested compounds contained in betel nut, only catechin had a significant inhibitory effect on epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, and this inhibition was significantly weaker than that of betel nut, suggesting that other components of betel nut were involved This inhibitory effect; tannic acid, gallic acid, diosgenin and isoproterenol were able to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, tannic acid inhibition of which is stronger than the betel nut crude extract. Conclusion: Betel nut contains anti-platelet aggregation and inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase effective components, and to play the exact composition of these effects remains to be confirmed by further studies.