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The under-forest economy has received increased attention in China.However,little is known about the effects of co-composted biochar on soil and plant biomass in under-forest planting systems.In this study,plant biomass,soil nutrient levels,and bacterial communities were evaluated after application of biochar-based organic fertilizer (BOF,derived from co-composted biochar-compost) at varying rates to soils supporting Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg planted under a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest.BOF treatment increased the biomass of T.hemsleyanum.Compared with the control,BOF application significantly increased soil pH and organic carbon (SOC).The high-throughput sequencing results showed significant differences in the Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Chlorofexi,and OD1 phyla among all groups.At the genus level,the control group was characterized by a preponderance of Conexibacter.Rhodanobacter was enriched in soils with a 3％ BOF application and Steroidobacter and Spirochaeta were the most prominent phyla in the 5％ BOF group.There was no biomarker selected in the 1％ BOF group at the genus level.In conclusion,BOF application increased the biomass of T.hemsleyanum when intercropped under a Moso bamboo forest;this effect may be due to changes in the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities after BOF application.