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目的了解和掌握沈阳市鼠类种群分布及季节消长规律,为鼠类及鼠传疾病的防制工作提供参考依据。方法采用夹夜法调查。沈阳市共设立3个鼠类监测点,分别为居民区、特殊行业和农村自然村,监测点相对固定。结果2010-2014年沈阳市鼠类平均密度为0.20%,共捕获鼠类77只,经鉴定后分别为小家鼠、褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠3种。其中主要鼠种为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠,分别占鼠类总数的49.4%和42.8%,不同年度鼠类构成比和密度有所不同;沈阳市鼠类在不同生境的平均密度以农村自然村最高,为0.50%;从不同月份鼠密度季节消长情况来看,除了1月和12月外,其余各月均监测到鼠,鼠密度全年基本呈现双峰型,峰值分别出现在5~6月和8月。结论基本掌握了沈阳市鼠类种群构成及季节消长情况,建议根据鼠类的活动及消长规律采取综合性防制措施,并加强对鼠类及其传播疾病的长期监测和防制对策的研究,有效降低鼠密度,从而更好地控制鼠类的繁殖,减少鼠传疾病的发生。
Objective To understand and master the distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rodents in Shenyang City, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of rodents and rodents. Methods using the method of investigation. Shenyang City, a total of three rodent monitoring points were set up, namely residential areas, special industries and rural villages, the monitoring point is relatively fixed. Results The average density of rodents in Shenyang during 2010-2014 was 0.20%. A total of 77 rodents were caught. Three rodents were identified as Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius respectively. Among them, the main species were Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius, accounting for 49.4% and 42.8% of the total number of rodents, respectively. The rodents’ compositional ratios and densities were different in different years. The average density of rodents in different habitats in Shenyang was The highest density of natural villages was 0.50%. According to the growth and decline of rat densities in different months, except for January and December, the density of rats and mice was basically bimodal in all the other months, with peak values occurring at 5 ~ June and August. Conclusion The composition and seasonal growth and decline of rodents in Shenyang are basically mastered. It is suggested that comprehensive control should be taken according to the activity and growth and decline of rodents and the long-term monitoring of rodents and their transmitted diseases should be strengthened. Effectively reduce the density of mice, so as to better control the reproduction of mice and reduce the incidence of rodent diseases.