近来,麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)因可以作为生物柴油的原料而受到广泛关注。虽然麻疯树具有含油量高且可在边际土地种植的优势,但同时存在理想品种缺乏、种植面积限制、基础研究薄弱等方面的问题。为了使常规育种和生物技术改良工作者更好地了解麻疯树的研究进展,确定日后麻疯树育种和遗传改良的方向,综述了麻疯树种质资源与遗传多样性分析、生理及对环境适应性、组学研究、油脂合成功能基因研究、育种等方面国内外的最新进展。 Recently, Jatropha curcas L. has received extensive attention as a starting material for biodiesel. Although Jatropha curcas has the advantage of high oil content and can be planted in marginal lands, there are also problems of lack of ideal species, planting area limitation and weak basic research. In order to make routine breeding and biotechnology improvement workers better understand the research progress of Jatropha curcas and determine the direction of Jatropha curcas breeding and genetic improvement in future, the author summarized the germplasm resources and genetic diversity analysis, Adaptability, group study, gene synthesis research of oil synthesis, breeding and so on the latest progress at home and abroad.