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大型压力容器,主要是球罐,在装配焊接中产生错边、角变形的缺陷常常是不可避免的。在内压力的作用下,产生趋圆作用而引起附加应力。如附加应力过大,将会成为灾难性事故的重要因素之一。为此迫切需要解决错边量、角变形量与附加应力的定量关系问题,以便正确处理检修及安全使用压力容器问题。 本文介绍了对球罐错边、角变形引起的附加应力的测定结果,建立了力学模型并推导了附加应力计算公式。此公式结构简单,计算方便,计算结果比较准确。另外还介绍了适于公式要求的角变形量的测量方法,以及用此法所测得的数值与用部颁标准规定的测量方法测得的数值的互换关系。最后对附加应力进行了理论分析和误差分析。
Large pressure vessels, mainly spherical tanks, create misplaced edges in assembly welding. Defects in angular deformation are often unavoidable. In the role of internal pressure, resulting in rounding effect caused by additional stress. If the additional stress is too large, it will become one of the important factors of a catastrophic accident. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the quantitative relationship between the amount of misalignment, the amount of angular deformation and the additional stress in order to properly handle the maintenance and pressure vessel safety problems. In this paper, the measurement results of the additional stress caused by the wrong side and corner deformation of the spherical tank are introduced. The mechanical model is established and the formula for calculating the additional stress is deduced. The formula is simple in structure, easy to calculate and the calculation result is more accurate. In addition, the method of measuring the amount of angular deformation that is suitable for the formula is introduced, and the relationship between the value measured by this method and the value measured by the measurement method stipulated by the Ministry of Standards and Regulations is also introduced. Finally, the theoretical analysis and error analysis of additional stress are carried out.