The rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is one of the most serious and challenging health problems in the 21st century.Mammalian sirtuin 1(SIRT1) has been shown to decrease high-glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence in vitro and prevent hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction.However,a role for SIRT1 in prevention of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence in vivo remains unclear.We used endothelium-specific SIRT1 transgenic(SIRT1-Tg) mice and wild-type(WT) mice to construct a 40-week streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model.In this mode,42.9% of wild-type(WT) mice and 38.5% of SIRT1-Tg mice were successfully established as diabetic.Forty weeks of hyperglycemia induced significant vascular cell senescence in aortas of mice,as indicated by upregulation of expression of senescence-associated markers including p53,p21 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1).However,SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice displayed dramatically decreased expression of p53,p21 and PAI-1 compared with diabetic WT mice.Moreover,manganese superoxide dismutase expression(MnSOD) was significantly downregulated in the aortas of diabetic WT mice,but was preserved in diabetic SIRT1-Tg mice.Furthermore,expression of the oxidative stress adaptor p66Shc was significantly decreased in aortas of SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice compared with WT diabetic mice.Overall,these findings suggest that SIRT1-mediated inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence is mediated at least partly through the reduction of oxidative stress. The rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is one of the most serious and challenging health problems in the 21st century. Mmalmalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been shown to decrease high-glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence in vitro and prevent hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. Despite a role for SIRT1 in prevention of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence in vivo remains unclear. We used endothelium-specific SIRT1 transgenic (SIRT1-Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to construct a 40-week streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic mouse model. In this mode, 42.9% of wild-type (WT) mice and 38.5% of SIRT1-Tg mice were successfully established as diabetic. Forty weeks of hyperglycemia induced significant vascular cell senescence in aortas of mice , as indicated by upregulation of expression of senescence-associated markers including p53, p21 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). However, SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice displayed a clearly decreased expression of p 53, p21 and PAI-1 compared with diabetic WT mice. Moreover, manganese superoxide dismutase expression (MnSOD) was significantly downregulated in the aortas of diabetic WT mice, but was preserved in diabetic SIRT1-Tg mice. Ferrthermore, expression of the oxidative stress Adapter p66Shc was significantly decreased in aortas of SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice compared with WT diabetic mice. Overall, these findings suggest that SIRT1-mediated inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence is mediated at least partly through the reduction of oxidative stress.