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目的:分析医院抗菌药物致药物不良反应(ADRs)的特点和原因,供临床合理用药参考。方法:收集医院2006年1月—2015年4月间通过网络系统向国家药品不良反应监测中心上报的408份抗菌药物致ADRs报表,按患者性别、年龄、涉及药物、给药途径、ADRs涉及的器官或系统及转归等进行统计和分析。结果:408份ADRs报表中,共涉及抗菌药物物37种,居首位的是头孢菌素类共13种222例;ADRs的临床表现为皮肤及其附件损害最为常见为323例占79.26%;其次是心血管系统损害为26例占6.37%;以静脉滴注给药途径引起的ADRs最常见为388例占95.10%;绝大多数ADRs转归较好为407例,99.75%。结论:医务工作人员应严格使用抗菌药物以及静脉用药,加强对患者的用药监测,减少ADRs对患者的损害。
Objective: To analyze the characteristics and causes of adverse drug reaction (ADRs) induced by antimicrobial agents in hospital for reference of clinical rational drug use. Methods: A total of 408 ADRs reported from the hospital from January 2006 to April 2015 through the network system to the National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring (ADRs) were collected and analyzed according to patient’s sex, age, drugs involved, route of administration, Organ or system and the outcome of such statistics and analysis. RESULTS: A total of 408 ADRs were reported in 37 types of antibacterials, of which 222 were cephalosporins in total. The most common clinical manifestations of ADRs were skin and its appendages, accounting for 79.26% of 323 cases. Followed by cardiovascular system damage was 26 cases accounting for 6.37%; ADRs caused by intravenous route of administration of the most common 388 cases accounted for 95.10%; the vast majority of ADRs better for 407 cases, 99.75%. Conclusion: Medical staff should strictly use antimicrobial drugs and intravenous drugs, to strengthen the medication monitoring of patients to reduce the damage of ADRs to patients.