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一、前言随着科学及工业技术的发展,铝及铝合金材料的应用愈来愈广泛。铝及铝合金材料与结构钢材相比,具有延展性好、易加工成型、反射能力强、导热和电性能优良等优点;尤其是比强度高。对于宇航工业中提高结构性能,减轻自载量,增加运载能力和航程有着重要意义;如据资料报导,美国阿波罗飞船及运载火箭使用的铝合金材料占整个结构材料的75％以上,飞机则占80％以上。在民用工业中,为提供丰富多采的日用品也
I. Introduction With the development of science and industrial technology, the application of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials is more and more widely used. Compared with structural steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy materials have the advantages of good ductility, easy processing and forming, strong reflection ability, good thermal conductivity and electrical properties, and the like, and have higher specific strength. As for the aerospace industry, it is of great significance to improve the structural performance, reduce the self-carrying capacity, and increase the carrying capacity and range; as reported, the aluminum alloy materials used by Apollo spacecraft and launch vehicles in the United States account for more than 75% of the total structural materials, while the aircraft Accounting for more than 80%. In the civilian industry, to provide a rich variety of daily necessities also