一、序言土工建筑物通常是根据外力作用下使土发生破坏的状态进行设计的。在以极限设计为依据的方法中,必须知道土的破坏强度,尤其是关于静力强度,以前很多人已做出了努力。在动力环境下土的强度,大概是从四十年代中期才被注意的。此时所关心的是扔下炸弹的冲击荷重,这在卡萨格兰德一香农(Casagrande-Shannon)开始研究快 I. Preface The geotechnical structures are usually designed based on the state of external destruction of the soil. In the method based on the ultimate design, it is necessary to know the destructive strength of soil, especially with respect to static strength. Many people have already made efforts in the past. The strength of the soil in the dynamic environment was probably only noticed from the mid-1940s. What is concerned at this time is the impact load that was dropped on the bomb. This began to be studied in Casagrande-Shannon.