虽然近年来手术和激光等技术在治疗视网膜疾病,如视网膜变性、视网膜脱离等方面已取得长足进步,但视网膜病治疗后的视功能后果仍然有限。视网膜损伤后,光感受器细胞在缺氧下死亡,视网膜神经元的凋亡、存活及援救与多种生化改变、介质和神经营养因子等有关,胶质细胞的反应对其也有影响。为了促使视网膜的功能恢复,应该重视对视网膜的病理学和神经保护的研究和临床应用。 Although techniques such as surgery and laser have made great strides in the treatment of retinal diseases such as retinal degeneration and retinal detachment in recent years, the consequences of retinal function after treatment of retinopathy are still limited. After retinal injury, photoreceptor cells die under hypoxia, apoptosis of retinal neurons, survival and rescue and a variety of biochemical changes, media and neurotrophic factors related to glial response. In order to promote the recovery of retinal function, should pay attention to the pathological and neuroprotective research and clinical application of the retina.