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采用3组结构优化的厌氧装置(改进型填料式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR)、大深径比厌氧滤池(AF)、串联型大深径比厌氧滤池(AF))在常温条件下处理生活污水的对比研究,掌握不同反应器的启动条件以及稳定运行时的处理效果.筛选适合不同地区条件的高效厌氧反应器,推广厌氧处理在农村生活污水中的应用.结果表明,当温度在20～26℃时,3组厌氧反应器HRT均由4d逐渐减少到ld,COD容积负荷由0.09 kg/(m3·d)提升到0.355 kg/(m3·d),历时75 d均启动成功并稳定运行.稳定运行时,改进型HABR、大深径比AF及串联大深径比AF对生活污水的COD平均去除率分别为90％以上和85％左右以及80％左右,出水COD一般均达到一级A标准.在启动过程中,碱度均保持在350 mg/L左右,VFA低于500～1 000 mg/L,其他厌氧指标也均显示运行正常.3组厌氧反应器出水SS含量均较低,但是出水含有臭味,氨氮和TP未能得到有效去除,为了得到更好的处理效果,可以将厌氧反应器与低能耗好氧工艺以及人工湿地组合处理.“,”The seed sludge used in the test come from different origins,and the research adoptthree different anaerobic devices which have same external conditions to treat domestic sewage at normal temperature.The results show that,the best start-up conditions are as follows:the HRT reduces from 4 days to lday,accordingly the volume loading ranges from 0.09 kgCOD/(m3 ·d) to 0.355 kgCOD/(m3 ·d).Under the conditions,the three different anaerobic devices can both start-up successfully in 75 days and operate stably.The average removal rate of COD in the modified HABR and the high-aspect-ratio AF and the tandem high-aspect-ratio AF are respectively 90％,about 85％,less than 80％.The alkalinity stays around 350 mg/L and VFA keeps below 500～1 000 mg/L during the start-up process.All three anaerobic devices perform stably with no acidification.The appropriate post-treatment process to remove residual nutrients remaining after anaerobic treatment may be one of the advantages that anaerobic processes would be widely adopted for sewage treatment in the other parts of the world.