报告文学走过了百年历程,而今正面临向纵深发展的关键节点。毋庸讳言,无论是报告文学的创作还是理论批评,都存在着较为明显的混乱和认识误区。因此,有必要从理论上探讨报告文学的写作特点和规律。本文认为,这主要有两个方面:一是以内容的客观性、思想的批判性、文本的透明性为核心要素的趋同性;二是由反映对象的丰富性、创作主体的差异性、表现方式的多样性协同而成的异质性。厘清二者的内涵、特点、要求以及相互之间的关系,对于更好地认识并创作报告文学,有着重要的意义。 Reportage has gone through a century of history and is now facing a crucial node for its in-depth development. Needless to say, there is obvious chaos and misunderstanding both in the writing of reportage and in theoretical criticism. Therefore, it is necessary to theoretically discuss the writing characteristics and laws of reportage. This paper argues that there are mainly two aspects: one is the objectivity of content, the critical of thinking and the transparency of text as the convergence of core elements; the other is the reflection of the richness of objects, The heterogeneity of the diversity of ways. Clarifying the connotation, characteristics, requirements and mutual relations of the two are of great significance for better understanding and writing reportage.